依照关系词在从句中的用法差异,可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有who,whom,which,that,whose等,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等,关系副词有when,where,why等,在定语从句中作状语。
关系代词和关系副词有哪些
关系代词代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略。关系副词所引导的形容词用于修饰主要句子中的某一名词或代名词,被修饰的词称作先行词,关系副词要放在先行词之后。
关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语,表示时间,用以修饰表示时间的先行词。
1、关系副词兼有副词与连接词两种作用,在不及物动词的连接中要求用关系副词。
2、关系副词所引导的形容词用于修饰主要句中的某一名词或代名词,被修饰的词称作先行词,关系副词要放在先行词之后。例如:关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语,表示时间,用以修饰表示时间的先行词。
3、关系副词主要有三个,即when,where,why。此外that也可代替关系代词引导代词句子。
4、关系副词=preposition(介词)+relative pronoun(关系代词)
例如:where=in which,when=on which,why=for which
这些关系副词在从句中做状语。
Would you please tell me the way to the zoo?
你能告诉我去动物园的路吗?
the way是先行词。
关系代词的用法
先行词是人,在从句中作主语用who,作宾语用whom或who,作定语用whose;先行词是物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which,作定语用of which或 whose均可。在限制性定语从句中which,who,whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时,关系代词常被省略。如:
A man who sells books in a shop is called a bookseller。开店售书的人叫做书商。
He is the man whom you have been looking for.他就是你要找的那个人。
You are the only one whose advice he might listen to.你是唯一可能使他听从劝告的人。
he was not on the train which arrived just now.她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。
关系副词的用法
关系副词有when,where,why等,在定语从句中作状语,分别表示时间、地点和原因。when通常放在time,day,season,age,occasion等时间的名词后;where 通常放在place,city,town,village,house,case,point,situation等地点名词后;why通常只放在reason后。如:
Have you set the day when you will move?你搬迁的日子定了吗?
The book is on the table where you left it.书在桌子上,你放在那里的。
We don't know the reason why he didn't show up.我们不知道他为什么没有来。
关系代词和关系副词的区别
关系代词和关系副词的区别主要是:关系代词在从句中作主语或宾语;关系副词在句中作状语。在句子中作定语修饰名词或代词的从句,这种从句有关系代词或关系副词引导并作句子成分,定语从句从句还叫做嵌入句,因形容词定语,所以又称之为形容词性从句。定语从句的位置通常是在先行词后。
关系代词(that,who,whom,whose,which)所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
1. Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在从句中作主语,指人)
2. He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语,指人)
3. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.(whose在句中作定语,指人)
4. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.(whose在句中作定语,指物。若指物,它还可以同of which互换)
5. The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作carry的宾语,指物)
关系副词(when, where, why, that)可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构,因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。
6. Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
7. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
8. His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.
9. He can't find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.